Recurrent Anti-AMPA Receptor Limbic Encephalitis: A Case Report and Literature Review.
Fang Y, Pan D, Huang H.
Front Neurol. 2021 Dec 6;12:735983. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.735983. eCollection 2021.
PMID:34950098
Case Report: Coexistence of Anti-AMPA Receptor Encephalitis and Positive Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease.
Song Y, Chen S, Gao J, Lu J, Xu W, Lin X, Chen J.
Front Neurol. 2021 Jul 2;12:673347. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.673347. eCollection 2021.
PMID:34276536
Glutamate receptor antibodies in neurological diseases: anti-AMPA-GluR3 antibodies, anti-NMDA-NR1 antibodies, anti-NMDA-NR2A/B antibodies, anti-mGluR1 antibodies or anti-mGluR5 antibodies are present in subpopulations of patients with either: epilepsy, encephalitis, cerebellar ataxia, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and neuropsychiatric SLE, Sjogren's syndrome, schizophrenia, mania or stroke. These autoimmune anti-glutamate receptor antibodies can bind neurons in few brain regions, activate glutamate receptors, decrease glutamate receptor's expression, impair glutamate-induced signaling and function, activate blood brain barrier endothelial cells, kill neurons, damage the brain, induce behavioral/psychiatric/cognitive abnormalities and ataxia in animal models, and can be removed or silenced in some patients by immunotherapy.