Extra-ocular muscle cells from patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy secrete alpha (CXCL10) and beta (CCL2) chemokines under the influence of cytokines that are modulated by PPARgamma.
Antonelli A, Ferrari SM, Corrado A, Franceschini SS, Gelmini S, Ferrannini E, Fallahi P.
Autoimmun Rev. 2014 Nov;13(11):1160-6. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.08.025. Epub 2014 Aug 27.
PMID:25172242
Antibodies targeting the calcium binding skeletal muscle protein calsequestrin are specific markers of ophthalmopathy and sensitive indicators of ocular myopathy in patients with Graves' disease.
Gopinath B, Musselman R, Beard N, El-Kaissi S, Tani J, Adams CL, Wall JR.
Cloning and characterization of the novel thyroid and eye muscle shared protein G2s: autoantibodies against G2s are closely associated with ophthalmopathy in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism.
Gunji K, De Bellis A, Li AW, Yamada M, Kubota S, Ackrell B, Wengrowicz S, Bellastella A, Bizzarro A, Sinisi A, Wall JR.